国务院总理李克强7月10日主持召开国务院常务会议，确定进一步稳外贸措施，以扩大开放助力稳增长、稳就业。会议指出，落实稳外贸要求，关键是要进一步扩大对外开放，更加注重以市场化改革和运用经济手段增强企业内生动力。商务部外贸司负责人就政策措施的出台背景、主要内容进行了解读。
On July 10, Premier Li Keqiang presided over the State Council executive meeting to determine further measures to stabilize foreign trade in order to expand openness and help stabilize growth and stabilize employment. The meeting pointed out that the key to implementing the requirements for stable foreign trade is to further expand opening up and pay more attention to market-based reforms and the use of economic means to enhance the internal motivation of enterprises. The person in charge of the Foreign Trade Department of the Ministry of Commerce interpreted the background and main contents of the policy measures.
一、出台背景
去年以来，外贸发展的外部环境发生深刻变化。按照党中央、国务院“六稳”工作部署，商务部会同各部门及时出台多项政策，各地方也积极出台配套措施，形成政策合力，起到了稳信心、稳预期的良好效果。第125届广交会参展企业问卷调查显示，77.6%的企业对政策措施落实情况总体满意。
党中央、国务院高度重视外贸工作，要求进一步扩大对外开放，为外贸企业创造更加良好的政策环境，扩大进出口贸易，推动外贸稳中提质，增强出口竞争力。商务部高度重视，在全国范围开展了“稳外贸稳外资促消费”大调研，企业反映了一些困难和诉求，市场竞争激烈、贸易摩擦增多、综合成本上涨较快、融资难融资贵仍未解决、营商环境需进一步改善等。同时，一些地方稳外贸的好经验好做法效果良好，值得全国推广。在大量调研基础上，我们会同有关部门和单位，研究提出了进一步稳外贸措施建议，并经国务院常务会议审议通过。
二、主要内容
此轮政策措施坚持问题导向、精准施策，力求有效解决外贸企业反映的突出问题和诉求。既有过去行之有效政策的深耕细作，也吸收了一些地方出台的政策措施和好经验好做法。主要内容包括：
一是完善财税政策，帮助企业减负增效。继续降低进口关税总水平，扩大对外开放。提高部分产品出口退税率，确保2019年底正常退税平均办理时间在10个工作日内。建立预警体系和法律服务机制。适时修订鼓励进口技术和产品目录，鼓励企业积极拓展关键零部件和先进技术设备多元化进口渠道。
二是强化金融支持，降低企业融资成本。保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定，提高人民币结算便利程度。鼓励金融机构结合外贸企业实际需求，进一步扩大出口信用保险保单融资规模，不断提升外贸金融服务质效。扩大外贸信贷投放，引导各类金融机构加大对中小企业外贸融资及保险支持。充分发挥出口信用保险作用，扩大覆盖面，合理降低保费，开发新产品新模式，研究提出符合企业需要的专项险种。
三是创新政策支持措施，支持企业发展新业态。出台适应跨境电商零售出口特点的所得税核定征收办法，且明确不溯既往。适时扩大跨境电商综合试验区试点范围。完善跨境电商统计方式。统筹考虑综合保税区内和区外，加快推动符合规定的再制造和全球维修项目在区内落地，同时推动一批“两头在外”加工贸易保税维修项目在区外先行先试。培育第三批进口贸易示范区。
四是提升贸易便利化，释放企业内生活力。落实口岸收费目录清单公示制度，防止口岸收费反弹。巩固压缩整体通关时间成效。进一步简化进出口环节监管证件。
三、下一步工作
当前外贸工作的重中之重，就是要抓好政策落实，做好稳外贸工作。商务部正会同各地方、各部门，加强横向协作，纵向联动，确保政策措施早细化、快落地、真见效。同时问计于企、问计于地方，储备更加精准有力的政策举措并适时推出。商务部将继续推动更高水平对外开放，着力激发市场主体活力，提振外贸企业信心，努力促进外贸稳中提质。
First, the background
Since last year, the external environment of foreign trade development has undergone profound changes. In accordance with the "six stable" work arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the Ministry of Commerce and various departments have issued a number of policies in a timely manner. Various localities have also actively introduced supporting measures to form a policy synergy, which has achieved good results in stabilizing confidence and stabilizing expectations. According to the questionnaire survey of exhibitors of the 125th Canton Fair, 77.6% of enterprises are generally satisfied with the implementation of policy measures.
The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to foreign trade work and demand further expansion of opening up to the outside world, create a better policy environment for foreign trade enterprises, expand import and export trade, promote the steady improvement of foreign trade, and enhance export competitiveness. The Ministry of Commerce attaches great importance to the nationwide survey on “stabilizing foreign trade and promoting foreign investment and promoting consumption”. The company has reflected some difficulties and demands. The market is fiercely competitive, trade frictions are increasing, comprehensive costs are rising rapidly, and financing is difficult to finance. The business environment needs further improvement. At the same time, the good practices of good foreign trade in some places have achieved good results and are worth promoting nationwide. On the basis of a large number of investigations, we will work with relevant departments and units to study and put forward proposals for further stabilization of foreign trade measures, which were reviewed and approved by the State Council executive meeting.
Second, the main content
This round of policy measures adheres to problem-oriented and precise policies, and strives to effectively solve the outstanding problems and demands reflected by foreign trade enterprises. It has not only intensively cultivated effective policies in the past, but also absorbed some local policies and good practices. The main contents include:
The first is to improve fiscal and taxation policies to help enterprises reduce burdens and increase efficiency. Continue to reduce the overall level of import tariffs and expand opening up. Increase the export tax rebate rate for some products and ensure that the average processing time for normal tax refunds at the end of 2019 is within 10 working days. Establish an early warning system and legal service mechanism. Timely revision encourages the import of technology and product catalogues, and encourages enterprises to actively expand the diversified import channels of key components and advanced technology equipment.
The second is to strengthen financial support and reduce corporate financing costs. Maintain the basic stability of the RMB exchange rate at a reasonable and balanced level and improve the convenience of RMB settlement. Encourage financial institutions to combine the actual needs of foreign trade enterprises, further expand the scale of export credit insurance policy financing, and continuously improve the quality and efficiency of foreign trade financial services. We will expand foreign trade credit and guide various financial institutions to increase foreign trade financing and insurance support for SMEs. Give full play to the role of export credit insurance, expand coverage, rationally reduce premiums, develop new models of new products, and research and propose special types of insurance that meet the needs of enterprises.
The third is to innovate policy support measures to support enterprises in developing new formats. Introduce an income tax verification method that meets the characteristics of cross-border e-commerce retail exports, and clearly not retroactive. Expand the pilot scope of the cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in a timely manner. Improve cross-border e-commerce statistics. Coordinated consideration of the comprehensive bonded area and outside the district, speeding up the promotion of remanufacturing and global maintenance projects in compliance with the regulations, and promoting a batch of “two-out” processing trade bonded maintenance projects to be tested first outside the zone. Cultivate the third batch of import trade demonstration zones.
The fourth is to enhance trade facilitation and release the viability within the enterprise. Implement the public notice system for the port charge list to prevent the port charges from rebounding. Consolidate and compress the overall customs clearance time. Further simplify the import and export chain supervision documents.
Third, the next step
The most important task of the current foreign trade work is to do a good job in policy implementation and do a good job in stabilizing foreign trade. The Ministry of Commerce is working with localities and departments to strengthen horizontal cooperation and vertical linkage to ensure that policy measures are refined and fast, and that they are effective. At the same time, we will ask about the enterprises and ask for the local conditions, and reserve more accurate and effective policy measures and launch them in due course. The Ministry of Commerce will continue to promote a higher level of opening up to the outside world, focus on stimulating the vitality of market players, boost the confidence of foreign trade enterprises, and strive to promote the steady improvement of foreign trade.
